Guide • plug in solar by state

Plug-In Solar by State: How Rules Differ

Plug-in solar legality varies dramatically across U.S. states and utilities. Here's the framework.

Table of contents

  1. Why the state matters less than your utility
  2. Net metering basics
  3. Interconnection paperwork
  4. Permitting realities
  5. Where to look up rules

There's no federal 'yes' or 'no' for plug-in solar. Your state sets the broad rules; your utility sets the practical ones.

Why the state matters less than your utility

Two homes one mile apart can have different answers because they're served by different utilities.

Net metering basics

Net metering credits you for power sent to the grid. Some states require it; others don't. Even where required, plug-in scale may not qualify.

Interconnection paperwork

Most utilities have a small-systems interconnection form. Plug-in kits often fall into a gray zone where the utility still wants notice.

Permitting realities

Cities decide on permits. Some require electrical permits for any backfeed; others don't ask for kits under a certain size.

Where to look up rules

Start with DSIRE, your state energy office, and your utility's interconnection page. Then call them.

Educational only — not legal, electrical, or financial advice. Verify rules with your utility, local building department, and a licensed electrician. Last updated: 2025-01-01.

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